How do address people properly in Korean

An interesting and problematic topic both for native Korean and foreigners learning Korean - "How do address people properly in Korean".
I've thought many times about HOW to explain this matter to my non-Korean friends, but it's so complicated that it's impossible to make it clear in a few words.
Unfortunately, many textbooks do the common mistake in translating '씨' as 'Mr.' or 'Ms.' in English, which is actually not correct. For beginners, this often leads to an unintended mistake in addressing other people.
I tried to make a short explanation about it, but probably I need more time and also need to study more to give a clear answer.
So first I'll tell you only a basic outline from a summery I'm writing right now which was actually intended to help beginners in Korean language.

*Plz notice that some of the contents are from my own perspective, and probably people in the older generation may have different ideas. The notion of how to address people properly differs from generations and individuals. The way how to address someone often changes as the relationship comes more intimate. The following explanation is suitable for relationships that are not very intimate.


󰊴 To Whom, When and How to use '~씨'
⒧ People who are in the same or similar age as you
⑵ People who are younger than you
⑶ People over 20 (University students, Graduate students, Company workers, etc.)
⑷ In Casual Polite Speech Level. (with the ending form '~요')
※ The English translation for '씨' is often known as 'Mr.' or 'Ms.', but in reality this is not quite correct according to how Korean use it. Most Korean do not feel comfortable to call someone older than oneself by '씨', and they are also not very happy to be addressed by this form by a younger person.

󰊵 How to address other people properly
⑴ In one's work place (office, school, etc.)
a. if the person is in a higher position/older than you
: Name(full/last name)+Position+님
ex. 이진영 부장님/ 이부장님
김재욱 교수님/ 김교수님
최은희 선생님/ 최선생님
b. if the person is in a lower position/younger than you
: Name(full/last name)+Position
ex. 김영수 과장/ 김과장
박세현 대리/ 박대리
정현철 선생/ 정선생
※ When talking to a person older or in a higher position in 1:1, or if there is no other person with the same position as him/her, his/her name is omitted and only the form 'position+님' is used.
ex. 회장님
사장님
교수님
⑵ In personal/informal meeting
a. if the person is in the same or similar age as you, or younger than you
: Name(first name)+씨
ex. 유진 씨
경호 씨
b. if the person is older than you
󰋡 one's position
ex. 이사님
부장님
교수님
선생님
󰋢 name(full)+선생님
ex. 윤미선 선생님
강민호 선생님
󰋣 use no title and just omit the subject while talking
(since it is possible to talk with no subject in Korean☺)
󰋤 ask him/her how to address
(if he/she is kind enough, he/she will tell you☺)

♣ As a foreigner, and a beginner in Korean language, it is always better to use the polite form in talking and addressing someone to avoid any misunderstanding or problems. Therefore, even though there is someone younger than you, it is better to add '님' if you are not sure how to address him/her.



♬ Even Native Koreans are often not sure how to address other people at the first time they meet. So don't worry too much about how to address someone properly. This is a matter of culture, and often lies beyond linguistics. It may look somewhat problematic, but you will get to know about it gradually. Take your time and enjoy learning more about the language and culture of Korea. Anyway, as long as people take you for a foreigner, mistakes and unfamiliarity in Korean language are not a big problem☺