Tensing (경음화)

A posting and answer for Equinox's question. (Sorry to be late^^;)

Tensing (경음화)

1. If the syllable-final consonant of the first syllable is 'ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ, ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅂ, ㅍ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ' and the second syllable begins with 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅈ', the syllable-initial consonant of the second syllable is pronounced with the tensed sound, 'ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ'.
ex. 학교[학꾜], 한국도[한국또], 반갑습니다[반갑씀니다], 깃발[긷빨], 옆집[옆찝], 꽃다발[꼳따발], 값지다[갑찌다]

2. If the syllable-final consonant of a stem(base) is 'ㄴ(ㄵ), ㅁ(ㄻ)' and the syllable-initial consonant of the ending is 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ', the syllable-initial consonant is pronounced with the tensed sound, 'ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅆ, ㅉ'.
ex. 신고[신:꼬], 껴안다[껴안:따], 앉고[안꼬], 얹다[언따], 삼고[삼:꼬], 더듬지[더듬찌], 닮고[담:꼬], 젊지[점:찌]

However, in case of passive suffix and causitive suffix, this rule is not applied.
ex. 안기다[안기다], 감기다[감기다], 굶기다[굼기다], 옮기다[옴기다]

3. If the syllable-final consonant of a stem(base) is 'ㄼ, ㄾ' and the syllable-initial consonant of the ending is 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ', the syllable-initial consonant is pronounced with the tensed sound, 'ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅆ, ㅉ'.
ex. 넓게[널께], 핥다[할따], 훑소[훌쏘], 떫지[떨:찌]

4. In case of words in Chinese characters, if the syllable-final consonant of the first syllable is 'ㄹ' and the second syllable begins with 'ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ', the syllable-initial consonant of the second syllable is pronounced with the tensed sound, 'ㄸ, ㅆ, ㅉ'.
ex. 갈등[갈뜽], 발동[발똥], 절도[절또], 말살[말쌀], 일시[일씨], 갈증[갈쯩], 물질[물찔], 발전[발쩐], 몰상식[몰쌍식]

5. The syllable-initial consonants 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅈ' followed after the adnominal ending '-(으)ㄹ' are pronounced with the tensed sound, 'ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ'.
ex. 할 것을[할꺼슬], 갈 데가[갈떼가], 할 바를[할빠를], 할 수는[할쑤는], 할 적에[할쩌게], 갈 곳[갈꼳], 할 도리[할또리], 만날 사람[만날싸람]

This is the same in case of the ending '-(으)ㄹ'.
ex. 할걸[할껄], 할밖에[할빠께], 할수록[할쑤록], 할지라도[할찌라도]



The rule of Tensing is somewhat more complicated, coz some of them are related with the Insertion of 'ㅅ'.
I think the above rules and instances are enough for beginners and intermediate learners.

^^